A US Congress Report India Pakistan War says that Pakistan gained military success over India during a short but intense four-day conflict in May. This was the most serious clash between the two nuclear-armed neighbours in more than 25 years.
China’s Role
The report highlights that China played a major role in Pakistan’s success.
- China is Pakistan’s main weapons supplier.
- According to the report, China also used the conflict to test its newest military technology.
The US-China Economic and Security Review Commission (USCC) said Pakistan “won a victory” in the clashes from May 7–10.
What Happened During the Conflict
Pakistan relied heavily on Chinese-made missiles, drones, and intelligence support.
India claimed that China provided “live intelligence” on 109 Indian military positions, though both China and Pakistan denied this.
The report says Pakistan used Chinese systems like:
- HQ-9 air defense missiles
- PL-15 air-to-air missiles
- J-10C fighter jets
Pakistan also reportedly shot down Indian aircraft, including Rafale jets, but the exact number remains unclear.
Global Impact
The report says Indonesia paused its Rafale jet purchase after seeing the conflict, suggesting the Rafale’s global reputation was affected.
China’s Strategic Advantage
China used the conflict to promote its military technology:
- Chinese embassies highlighted the performance of Chinese weapons.
- French intelligence claimed China used AI-generated images and fake accounts online to damage Rafale sales and promote its own J-35 fighter jets.
In June 2025, China offered Pakistan:
- 40 J-35 fighter jets
- KJ-500 early-warning aircraft
- Advanced missile defense systems
China remains Pakistan’s largest defence supplier, providing 81–82% of its arms from 2019 to 2023.
Pakistan’s Military Expansion
After the conflict, Pakistan increased its defence budget by 20%, raising it to $9 billion, even though the overall national budget was cut.
India’s Losses
India used a combination of Rafale and Russian aircraft.
India did not publicly confirm how many jets it lost, though senior officials claimed they shot down Pakistani planes, including F-16s and Chinese-made fighters, without providing evidence.
